The researchers built two systems to collect and parse through the colossal range of data. First was GeoDeepDive, a digital library that could rapidly read millions of papers and pluck out particular nuggets. The massive computing it requires is generated by UW-Madison’s Center for High Throughput Computing and HTCondor systems. The second, Macrostat, is a database that tracks the geological properties of North America’s upper crust at different depths and across time.