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Category: Research

Early childhood stresses can have lifelong impact, UW study shows

Capital Times

Dipesh Navsaria, assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, said that in order to address the achievement gap, the focus must be on the first 1,000 days of a child’s life. Research shows that significant development occurs in the brain during the first three years of a child’s life, and being read to daily can build and stimulate a base for cognitive and emotional development.

Researchers trace genetic origins of electric organ in fish

Milwaukee Journal Sentinel

The South American electric eel and hundreds of other electric fish evolved in six distinct lines over a period of 400 million years, developing an electric organ from what had once been muscle and providing a fascinating laboratory for the study of evolution.

Biosafety in the balance

Nature

The news last week of an accident involving live anthrax bacteria at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia, is troubling. Some 84 workers were potentially exposed to the deadly Ames strain at three CDC labs. But the incident will cause much wider ripples: it highlights the risks of the current proliferation of biocontainment labs and work on dangerous pathogens. If an accident can happen at the CDC, then it can happen anywhere.

What turns on electric fish? UW-Madison research offers new clues

Wisconsin State Journal

?This is the first complete genome sequence for an electric fish, in particular a strong electric fish,? said Michael Sussman, a biochemistry professor at UW-Madison who?s also director of the UW Biotechnology Center. Along with graduate students Lindsay Traeger and Jeremy Volkening, Sussman helped lead the 16 researchers from throughout the country who were part of the study.

How Evolution Gave Some Fish Their Electric Powers

Wired

The electric eel is one of the many creatures Charles Darwin sliced up and examined in his years aboard the H.M.S. Beagle. When he cut it open, he found that 80 percent of the fish?s body was taken up by three organs made of what looked like muscle tissue, but not quite. This is where the animal makes electricity.

How Electric Eels Evolved to Shock

International Business Times

Electric fish evolved the ability to shock by converting a simple muscle into an organ capable of generating an electric field, scientists have discovered.

A Shocking Fish Tale Surprises Evolutionary Biologists

NPR

The electric eel?s powerful ability to deliver deadly shocks ? up to 600 volts ? makes it the most famous electric fish, but hundreds of other species produce weaker electric fields. Now, a new genetic study of electric fish has revealed the surprising way they got electrified.

Greenland Ice Sheet may face tipping point, Oregon State study indicates

The Oregonian

Using sediment core evidence taken from the sea floor off Greenland?s coast, the team of researchers from Oregon State University and the University of Wisconsin-Madison were able to estimate the extent of the Greenland Ice Sheet during an interglacial period 400,000 years ago, when global sea levels were much higher than today.

Cosmic dust may get in way of new evidence of “Big Bang”

Milwaukee Journal Sentinel

In March, BICEP2, a collaboration of physicists, announced that it had found evidence of primordial gravitational waves, ripples in space and time that are considered a “smoking gun” for a period of inflation in the early universe. Quoted: Daniel Chung, associate professor of physics (not in Experts Guide) and Peter Timbie, professor of physics (in Experts Guide).

The Gray Market: An invisible $2 trillion economy

Marketplace.org

According to Edgar Feige, economics professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, unreported income totals $2 trillion in the U.S. That includes illegal activities like drug dealing, but it also includes side jobs like nannies and eBay sellers.

Student Debt Is Hurting Homeownership For Blacks More than Whites

Wall Street Journal

Is student loan debt causing young adults to retreat from the housing market en masse? No, but it?s having some impact, and the debt burden appears to be hitting black borrowers harder than whites, says a recent paper from researchers Jason Houle of Dartmouth College and Lawrence Berger of the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Math: The Ultimate BS Detector

Mother Jones

Chances are that when you think about math?which, for most of us, happens pretty infrequently?you don?t think of it in anything like the way that Jordan Ellenberg does. Ellenberg is a rare scholar who is both a math professor (at the University of Wisconsin-Madison) and a novelist.

Is It “Madness” to Rebuild a Flu Virus That Wiped Out 50 Million People?

Mother Jones

Remember the Spanish Flu of 1918? Of course you don?t. That?s the freakishly deadly influenza strain that swept the globe in 1918 and 1919, wiping out 30 million to 50 million people. It infected about one in four Americans and killed about 675,000. It didn?t just kill little kids and the elderly, either, like most flu strains. This one was unusually devastating in young, healthy people?although why the “mother of all pandemics” behaved as it did is not fully understood.

Learn to Love Math

Time

Students have been taught that math is about right and wrong, rather than trial and error. Over the three years Jordan Ellenberg was writing his book, he repeatedly encountered the same reaction to its subject. ?I?d be at a party, and I?d tell someone what my book was about, and then I?d be like ? ?Hey, where?d you go??? What topic was so awful and off-putting as to make people flee at its mere mention? Math.

UW-Madison scientist creates new flu virus in lab

Wisconsin State Journal

Yoshihiro Kawaoka, whose bird flu research sparked international controversy and a moratorium two years ago, has created another potentially deadly flu virus in his lab at University Research Park. Kawaoka used genes from several bird flu viruses to construct a virus similar to the 1918 pandemic flu virus that killed up to 50 million people worldwide. He tweaked the new virus so it spread efficiently in ferrets, an animal model for human flu.

Compound could improve cancer detection, treatment

Wisconsin State Journal

An experimental compound being developed by a Madison company could help doctors better detect and treat many types of cancer, a new UW-Madison study says. The compound, which is thought not to accumulate in healthy cells, ?is essentially a cancer-homing agent to which we can attach many different payloads,? Dr. John Kuo, a UW-Madison brain surgeon and an author of the study, said.

The Truth Behind Gen Y?s Financial Optimism

U.S. News

On the surface, Gen Y, those ebullient 20-somethings smiling into their phones as they snap selfies, can seem glowingly optimistic about their futures. Despite the major recession they?ve already faced and seen their parents struggle with, they often tell researchers that they think they will eventually find their footing and establish a standard of living at least as good as the one they enjoyed growing up with their parents.

Light-Sensing Retina in a Dish

The Scientist

Noted: While others have also developed systems to study the human retina in the lab, the current study extends these capabilities, according to coauthor David Gamm, director of the McPherson Eye Research Institute and an associate professor of ophthalmology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. ?Outer segments, which are the business end of photoreceptors, have not been previously shown to form from scratch in culture. This study is important as it demonstrated the extent to which we can study the retina in a culture dish,? said Gamm.

Why math fills so many of us with dread

Washington Post

Over the three years Jordan Ellenberg was writing his book, he repeatedly encountered the same reaction to its subject. ?I?d be at a party, and I?d tell someone what my book was about, and then I?d be like??Hey, where?d you go??? What topic was so awful and off-putting as to make people flee at its mere mention? Math.

Healthy seniors tested in bid to block Alzheimers

Milwaukee Journal Sentinel

Noted: Researchers are just beginning to recruit volunteers. One of the locations is at the University of Wisconsin-Madison; others are at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., and Northwestern University and Rush University Medical Center, both in Chicago.