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Category: Research

What We Learned in 2018: Science

New York Times

One team of scientists visualized the threat communication systems within plants that help them fight back when under attack. Others presented the tantalizing suggestion of plant consciousness using anesthetic gas. And in rain forests, some plants’ fruits seem to send careful messages to specific animals, in order to spread their seeds.

In the hunt for aliens, scientists look again to the clouds of Venus

Wired.Co.Uk

As for the search for life in the clouds of Venus, a paper published this autumn in the journal Astrobiology by a team led by Sanjay Limaye at the University of Wisconsin-Madison presents an argument for how and why it ought to be pursued further — now more than ever. And it hinges on data we’ve been able to uncover here on Earth.

Implantable Device Aids Weight Loss

Lab Manager Magazine

New battery-free, easily implantable weight-loss devices developed by engineers at the University of Wisconsin–Madison could offer a promising new weapon for battling the bulge

Neutrino discovery launched a new type of astronomy

Science News

Before scientists are fully confident that blazars can blast out high-energy neutrinos, researchers need to spot more of the wily particles, Murase says. To improve detection, an upgrade to IceCube will make the detector 10 times bigger in volume and should be ready by the mid-2020s, says Francis Halzen, leader of IceCube and an astrophysicist at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. If all goes well, the tiny particles may soon be revealing secrets from new corners of the cosmos.

Fetal tissue research targeted by abortion foes inside administration

The Washington Post

He has cited research by Matthew Brown, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Wisconsin at Madison who works on transplant immunology. In an interview, Brown said he was startled by such assertions, which he discovered when colleagues sent him a video of a Heritage Foundation forum where Prentice spoke.

Climate Change Is Reversing a 50-Million-Year-Old Cooling Trend

Nova Next

The study’s lead author, Kevin Burke, worked with paleoecologist Dr. John Williams of the University of Wisconsin-Madison to assess the climatic characteristics of several geologic time periods, including the Early Eocene (beginning 56 million years ago), the mid-Pliocene (beginning 3.3 million years ago), the Last Interglacial (beginning 130,000 years ago), the mid-Holocene (beginning 7,000 years ago), the pre-industrial era (beginning in 1750), and the early 20th century.

Exclusive: Controversial skeleton may be a new species of early human | New Scientist

New Scientist

More than twenty years after it was first discovered, an analysis of a remarkable skeleton discovered in South Africa has finally been published – and the specimen suggests we may need to add a new species to the family tree of early human ancestors. According to a study led by Travis Pickering of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Little Foot had an arm injury. He suspects she fell onto an outstretched hand during her youth, and that the resulting injury troubled her throughout her life.

Lessons From a Long Sleep

Proto Magazine

Millions of years of evolution have given hibernators this seemingly miraculous ability to survive the equivalent of a stroke and its aftermath more than 30 times each year, all without signs of injury or distress. Hannah Carey, a physiologist at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, is another scientist who believes that solving the mysteries of how that happens might lead to treatments that could help prevent or reduce the harm to people who have a stroke.

Is an Electric Band-Aid the Future of First Aid?

Healthline

“We developed this wearable bandage device that can significantly facilitate wound recovery. So, the device is self-powered, self-sustainable without any battery or electric circuit,” Xudong Wang, PhD, an author of the paper and professor of material science and engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, told Healthline.

Welcome to the Eocene, where ice sheets turn into swamps

Grist

Our current rate of warming will quickly lead us back to a climate that predates the evolution of modern humans, according to a new study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. That kind of rapid change has no direct comparison in all of Earth’s multi-billion year history.“The only thing that comes to mind is a meteorite impact,” says co-author Jack Williams, a paleoecologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Humans May Reverse a 50 Million Year Climate Trend After Just Two Centuries – Motherboard

Vice

If the world’s greenhouse gas emissions are left unchecked, the Earth’s climate will be similar to how it was 50 million years ago by 2150. This period, known as the Eocene, was characterized by an ice-free Earth and an arid climate across most of the planet. This is the conclusion of new research published by UW–Madison researchers in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that used leading climate models and archaeological data to compare Earth’s future with its past.

Wisconsin is falling behind Minnesota

Madison Magazine

Minnesota produced about $20.7 billion more in goods and services than Wisconsin in 2008, and by 2017, the difference was $27.1 billion. The widening wage gap between Minnesota and Wisconsin over the same 10-year period is remarkable, too. Minnesota reported wages and salaries totaling $11.9 billion more than Wisconsin in the first quarter of 2008. By the first quarter of 2018, that gap had nearly doubled to $22.4 billion.

UW study: Climates soon to resemble Earth’s long-distant past | Local | lacrossetribune.com

LaCrosse Tribune

At the rate we’re emitting carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, we could turn the geologic clock back 50 million years over the course of a mere 200 years, according to a study from researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison published Monday in the Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences.

UW-Madison climate study: Greenhouse gas levels high, warming likely

Milwaukee Journal Sentinel

Levels of heat-trapping greenhouse gases have surpassed those from any point in human history and by 2030 are likely to resemble levels from 3 million years ago when sea levels were more than 60 feet higher than today and the Arctic was forested and largely ice-free, according to a new paper by researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

In 200 years, humans reversed a climate trend lasting 50 million years, study says

CNN

During that ancient time, known as the mid-Pliocene epoch, temperatures were higher by about 2 to 4 degrees Celsius (3.6 to 7.2 degrees Fahrenheit) and sea levels were higher by roughly 20 meters (almost 66 feet) than today, explained Kevin D. Burke, lead author of the study and a researcher and Ph.D. candidate at the Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Within two centuries, we’ve taken climate trends back to 50 million years ago

Down to Earth Magazine

“If we think about the future in terms of the past, where we are going is uncharted territory for human society. We are moving towards very dramatic changes over an extremely rapid time frame, reversing a planetary cooling trend in a matter of centuries,” says the study’s lead author, Kevin Burke, a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison).

Ruffed grouse deserve increased research

Milwaukee Journal Sentinel

The last, sustained ruffed grouse research in Wisconsin was conducted through the late 1980s by University of Wisconsin researchers Donald Rusch, James Holzwart and Robert Small. Their work was published in 1991 in the Journal of Wildlife Management.

The World’s First Space Telescope – Scientific American Blog Network

Scientific American

In July 1958, an astronomer at the University of Wisconsin–Madison named Arthur “Art” Code received a telegram from the fledgling Space Science Board of the National Academy of Sciences. The agency wanted to know what he and his colleagues would do if given the opportunity to launch into Earth’s orbit an instrument weighing up to 100 pounds. Code, newly-minted director of the University’s Washburn Observatory, had something in mind. Fifty years ago, on December 7, 1968, that idea culminated in NASA’s launch of the first successful space-based observatory: the Orbiting Astronomical Observatory, or OAO-2.

Why Californians Were Drawn Toward the Fire Zones

Wall Street Journal

Noted: Between 2000 and 2013, more than three-quarters of all buildings destroyed by fire in California were in the state’s WUI, and more were destroyed there than in all the WUI areas across the rest of the continental U.S. combined, according to a recent study led by Anu Kramer, a researcher at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Smith: Ruffed grouse deserve increased research

Milwaukee Journal Sentinel

Noted: Late last week I spoke to two of our state’s most knowledgeable and respected wildlife and natural resources educators – Christine Thomas, dean of the UW-Stevens Point College of Natural Resources, and Scott Craven, professor emeritus and former head of the University of Wisconsin’s Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology – about prospects for ruffed grouse research. Both agreed there was a strong need.

Listen: Mice ‘argue’ about infidelity in ultrasound

National Geographic

New research (from UW–Madison’s Josh Pultorak and Catherine Marler) published in Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution shows that when these monogamous mice are separated from their mate and then reunited, the animals sometimes don’t handle it well—revealing a new side to their social lives and behavior.

Madison levels up: A guide to the exploding game development scene

Isthmus

You don’t really see it until it’s all in one place.

That was certainly the case in mid-October, when more than 400 game developers from Madison and the Midwest converged at the second edition of M+Dev, the game developers’ conference held annually here. As the assembled masses networked and swapped personal stories, it was hard not to feel — and impossible not to see — an ongoing sense of critical mass.

Wisconsin GOP and Scott Walker Block Incoming Governor Tony Evers

Jezebel

As an example, he pointed to the state’s voter identification law, one of the most restrictive in the country. In 2017, as reported by the Journal Sentinel, a University of Wisconsin-Madison study estimated that “thousands of registered voters in Dane and Milwaukee counties were deterred or prevented from voting” in the 2016 election as a result of the law, a form of suppression that “more heavily affected low-income people and African-Americans.”

The Trailer: How lame-duck legislatures are trying to affect the 2020 election

The Washington Post

Wisconsin. Just a few of the changes being debated by the lame-duck GOP legislature would affect voting rights, but they’d all have teeth. One rule would limit Evers’s ability to curtail the state’s voter ID; academics at the University of Wisconsin estimated that the voter ID law kept around 17,000 registered voters from the polls.

How to Accept a Compliment — Even if It’s From Yourself

The New York Times

Dr. Chris Cascio, an assistant professor at the School of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, found that when participants were subconsciously primed to think about things they cared about, and then shown messages encouraging new exercise habits, the areas in their brain associated with reward and positive self-valuation lit up.

Asian carp threat stymies plans for fish passage on 100-year-old Wisconsin River dam

Milwaukee Journal Sentinel

Quoted: John Lyons, a fisheries scientist now retired from the DNR, said he and others at the agency spent considerable time planning to move fish through the dam.

“The issue of invasive species, particularly invasive Asian carp, was always a big issue,” said Lyons, now curator of fishes at the University of Wisconsin-Madison’s zoological museum.

Don’t hype stem-cell discoveries — Eric A. Johnson

Wisconsin State Journal

Letter to the editor: The State Journal recently published several articles and an editorial asserting that UW-Madison is the epicenter of the discovery of stem cells and their utility in medicine. This representation is far from the truth, and several laboratories worldwide have been active in stem-cell research for many years prior to UW-Madison’s culture of embryonic stem cells in 1998.

Meet the Wisconsin botanists whose work is truly out of this world

Big Ten Network

On April 12, 1961, Yuri Gagarin opened his lunchbox. Inside, he had three aluminum tubes, two filled with pureed meat and one with chocolate sauce. A peculiar lunch, indeed, but for Gagarin it was a peculiar day. He was in the middle of the first human spaceflight, and his less-than exciting spread was the first meal consumed in space.

Your Wisconsin weather news: The forecast, a Wisconsin connection to hurricane prediction and Mars

Milwaukee Journal Sentinel

Noted: The Tropical Cyclone Research Group at the UW-Madison Space Science and Engineering Center ended up in the middle of the heartland because of the groundbreaking work of atmospheric science professor Verner Suomi, who is widely credited with developing imaging technologies that spawned modern weather satellites in the 1960s and ’70s.

Our brains benefit from sleep. Here’s why, and how parents can help teens get plenty of it.

Washington Post

Noted: Sleep “cleans up” the brain. When you sleep, your brain removes information you don’t need and consolidates what you learned that day. This makes room for new learning. After all, do you really need to remember what socks you wore, the joke you heard during first period, or what you ate for breakfast? Neuroscientists at the University of Wisconsin found that many of our synapses shrink at night as the brain weeds out or “forgets” information that it no longer needs. And it’s not just memories that need to be cleaned up. According to the National Institutes of Health, sleep also flushes out toxins that accumulate during the day.

UW Madison to Pay $32 Million Over Patent Contract

Inside Higher Ed

The Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF), the patent-licensing organization for the University of Wisconsin at Madison, was ordered to pay $32 million to Washington University in St. Louis after a judge ruled that UW Madison violated a royalties contract between the two universities, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch reported.