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Category: Research

The Purpose of Sleep? To Forget, Scientists Say

New York Times

Noted: In 2003, Giulio Tononi and Chiara Cirelli, biologists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, proposed that synapses grew so exuberantly during the day that our brain circuits got “noisy.” When we sleep, the scientists argued, our brains pare back the connections to lift the signal over the noise.

Science Under The Trump Administration

Wisconsin Public Radio

Although they have yet to announce a date, a group of scientists say they’re moving forward with a plan to march on Washington.  In the first days of the Trump administration, some scientists are concerned about the politicization of climate change data, the future of fact-based decision-making and the road blocks to international cooperation. We look at the future of science under the Trump administration.

A Clue to the Mystery of Colombia’s Missing Zika Cases

Wired

Noted: At the University of Wisconsin, virologist Dave O’Connor has been infecting macaques with Zika and carefully tracking the virus’ progress through time and tissues. During the pregnancies, his team repeatedly samples blood and amniotic fluid to determine how quickly the virus can infect a fetus. They take fetal MRIs to make measurements on how the baby macaque is growing. And once the pregnancy is complete, they analyze more than 60 different fetal tissues for little bits of Zika DNA and virus-induced damage.

UW primate research links caloric intake and aging

Daily Cardinal

The use of non-human primates in research has fueled some of the most pivotal scientific discoveries to date and saved countless lives. Rhesus macaques have been instrumental in the development of vaccines, the discovery of HIV/AIDS treatments, the characterization of blood groups, and a myriad of other medical and scientific breakthroughs.

Donald Trump’s views on research funding has UW-Madison scientists worried

Capital Times

Last week, David Bart had to tell students assisting him in research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison to stop working until federal officials lifted a short-lived freeze on grants from the Environment Protection Agency. The students are back at work for the time being, but questions over what to expect in support for scientific research under President Donald Trump’s administration continue, said Bart, an assistant professor in the Department of Landscape Architecture who studies human-environmental interactions.

Sport specialization increases injury risk for high school athletes, study finds

The Washington Post

Researchers from the University of Wisconsin measured the rate of specialization — meaning an athlete significantly sacrificed time with friends or family or participation in other sports — among 1,544 athletes in Wisconsin and tracked lower-extremity injuries. The study found athletes who specialized suffered those injuries “at significantly higher rates” than those who do not.

Trump administration tells EPA to halt new grants, contracts

Milwaukee Journal Sentinel

Noted: A team of 25 researchers from seven labs across the UW-Madison campus are two years into a four-year, $6 million EPA grant — the largest EPA grant currently on campus. The grant helps fund development of models of adult human tissue that are then exposed to environmental toxins. The National Institutes for Health and National Science Foundation also are funding sources for this research.

Taking Mindfulness to the Streets

Chronicle of Higher Education

Noted: Enter the Center for Healthy Minds at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. Led by Richard Davidson, a neuroscientist Time named one of the world’s most influential people in 2006, the center recently began shifting its emphasis from pure research to applied science, testing its findings about neuroplasticity, mind-body medicine, and the mental-health benefits of mindfulness outside the laboratory.

Study finds cutting calories may help monkeys live longer

CBS News

A new report based on work from two separate research teams adds to the evidence that cutting back on calories helps rhesus monkeys live healthier and longer lives. Beyond this, the research could lead to a greater understanding of factors that could improve human longevity down the line.

Monkeys on diets are healthier, but their longevity is still up for debate

The Verge

Putting monkeys on a diet delays the health problems of old age, new science says. But whether it makes them live longer is still open for debate. These findings in our close evolutionary relatives could help us better understand our own aging process — and how to slow it down. What’s more, these latest conclusions begin to resolve a scientific debate that has been unfolding (amicably, the scientists say) over the past three decades.

How Living Near The Starvation Point Can Extend Lifespan

Gizmodo

Depriving ourselves of food to the point of near-starvation doesn’t sound very appealing, but it could prolong our lives and prevent the onset of age-related diseases. A combined analysis of two long-running studies shows that caloric restriction does indeed work in monkeys, hinting at its potential to work in humans. More research is needed before we can be sure this translates to humans, so you should probably avoid any drastic dietary measures for now.

Long Island City warehouse turned into haven for cats with flu virus

A Long Island City warehouse has been transformed into a safe haven for more than 500 cats who may have been exposed to an unusual flu virus. “We came to the decision that it is in the best interest of the cats to move them all to a quarantine facility while we clean the buildings.” She contacted experts at the University of Wisconsin’s Veterinary Diagnostic Lab. They determined the virus was a rare strain of avian flu — the first time it had ever spread to domestic cats.

Rare Evidence of Pregnancy-Related Death Found at Ancient Troy

LiveScience.com

Death during pregnancy or childbirth would have been common in the ancient world, but these stories are often invisible in the archaeological record. However, in a new study of ancient DNA, researchers reported evidence of a woman who died of a pregnancy complication — specifically, a fatal bacterial infection — 800 years ago at Troy.

Pregnancy complication took the life of this woman from Ancient Troy

CBS News

Death during pregnancy or childbirth would have been common in the ancient world, but these stories are often invisible in the archaeological record. However, in a new study of ancient DNA, researchers reported evidence of a woman who died of a pregnancy complication — specifically, a fatal bacterial infection — 800 years ago at Troy.

Hazmat Suits and 500 Shelter Cats: Rare Flu Forces New York Quarantine

New York Times

Noted: “Any time influenza viruses start to behave in an unusual way, there’s a concern about what might happen,” said Aleisha Swartz, a doctor on loan from the University of Wisconsin veterinary school’s shelter medicine program, which is managing medical care at the quarantine center. “There’s this virus that popped up, and if we didn’t respond, it could have become widespread in cats all over the place.”

Climate Change Could Trigger Collapse of Major Ocean Current

LiveScience.com

In the 2004 disaster film “The Day After Tomorrow,” global warming leads to the failure of an enormous current in the Atlantic Ocean, triggering catastrophic natural disasters and establishing freezing conditions in North America and Europe over a matter of weeks.

Wisconsin’s climate may need to adapt to Donald Trump

Wisconsin State Journal

Quoted: “It seems like climate science is going to be targeted,” said Michael Notaro, associate director of the university’s Center for Climatic Research, which receives about 90 percent of its roughly $3 million budget from federal sources. “We are very vulnerable, and from our standpoint we see climate change research as something very critical that has big impacts on the state and the globe.”

Conditions that form more hurricanes also protect U.S., study finds

New York Times

When climatic conditions favor a lot of hurricane activity, they also create a buffer zone that weakens the storms as they approach the coastal United States.“It’s an incredibly lucky phenomenon,” said James Kossin, an atmospheric scientist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the author of the study, published Wednesday in Nature, which looked at hurricane data from 1947 to 2015. Kossin is based at UW–Madison, which is not mentioned in the story.

Hugh Iltis was noted UW botanist

Milwaukee Journal Sentinel

A journey with noted University of Wisconsin-Madison botanist Hugh Iltis usually took much longer than normal because he frequently pulled the car over to show passengers a plant he noticed on the side of the road.

Scientists say the global ocean circulation may be more vulnerable to shutdown than we thought

Washington Post

Intense future climate change could have a far different impact on the world than current models predict, suggests a thought-provoking new study just out in the journal Science Advances. If atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations were to double in the future, it finds, a major ocean current — one that helps regulate climate and weather patterns all over the world — could collapse. And that could paint a very different picture of the future than what we’ve assumed so far.

Virtual canaries

Isthmus

Imagine an app on your phone that can sense whether there is carbon monoxide in a room. If the display doesn’t change, you’re safe. But if the screen changes, “maybe it’s time to get out of the room,” says Manos Mavrikakis.