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Category: UW Experts in the News

Acidic soil won’t make your green spruce blue

Milwaukee Journal Sentinel

Noted: I searched my resources and the internet and found nothing on St. John’s wort susceptibility or resistance to verticillium wilt. So I consulted Brian Hudelson, director of diagnostic services for the University of Wisconsin-Madison Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic. He did find one report of verticillium wilt on Hypericum from Poland. So he is assuming Hypericum is technically susceptible but feels it might be more like serviceberry (Amelanchier) that is technically susceptible but seems to be quite resistant.

Are fractions outmoded? Retired engineer says measurement method half-baked

Chicago Tribune

Noted: “To say decimals are easier is superficially convincing,” said Jordan Ellenberg, a math professor at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. “But they’re not so good if you’re talking about something like 1/3, which is 0.3333, repeating until infinity. All of a sudden, you’re in very deep mathematical waters that are not so easy to navigate.”

Is Ethanol Really Green?

Shepherd Express

“This cropland expansion, driven in part by the ethanol mandate, has far-reaching impacts on the climate through its effects on the land and the carbon that it stores,” says Seth Spawn—lead author of the University of Wisconsin land use study and a graduate research assistant student at the Center for Sustainability and Global Environment at UW-Madison—adding that, “These impacts are significant and should be taken seriously.”

2018 preview: Get ready to meet your newest long-lost ancestor

New Scientist

The 21st century has so far been a golden age of hominin discovery. New species like the 7-million-year-old Sahelanthropus tchadensis and the 300,000-year-old Homo naledi have added to our understanding of humanity’s past. And the finds will keep coming.“It doesn’t look like [we’re] sampling something that is running out,” says John Hawks at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. “I think in part there’s a greater intensity of exploration right now.”

Gaps, Guardrails And The Fast-Advancing Math Of Partisan Gerrymandering

Wiscontext

Jordan Ellenberg, a University of Wisconsin-Madison math professor, co-organized one of Duchin’s conferences in Madison in October 2017, and has written a New York Times op-edon the science of gerrymandering. He sees a high efficiency gap as a “red flag.” But he doesn’t see the test as a basis for a constitutional standard that guides when courts can send state legislators back to the drawing board.

Should we ever leave invasives alone?

Michigan Public Radio

Noted: Richard Lankau, who teaches plant pathology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, co-authored a recent study on this in the journal Functional Ecology. “This weapon if you will, it’s not useful when you’re competing with other members of your own species,” he says.

Are those Venus flytraps near Carolina Forest in danger of extinction?

Myrtle Beach Sun News

Noted: The endangered species listing was first proposed to the Obama administration in 2016 by a group of University of Wisconsin-Madison ecologists and others who petitioned for the plant’s protection. Don Waller, the petition’s author and a professor of botany, told Science Daily that collectors snatching plants from their habitat was draining the population.

Inside the Desperate, Long-Shot Attempt to Bring Down Paul Ryan

VICE.com

Noted: “There seems to be more momentum on the Democratic side this time around, than some of Ryan’s earlier elections,” Barry Burden, a professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, told me. “Ryan has an albatross around his neck as part of an unpopular government in an unpopular party under an unpopular president, and any reasonable Democratic opponent is going to get some mileage out of that.”

In 2017, society started taking AI bias seriously

Engadget.com

Quoted: “Right now, in machine learning, you take a lot of data, you see if it works, if it doesn’t work you tweak some parameters, you try again, and eventually, the network works great,” said Loris D’Antoni, an assistant professor at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, who is co-developing a tool for measuring and fixing bias called FairSquare. “Now even if there was a magic way to find that these programs were biased, how do you even fix it?”

The 21st century’s “sexiest” job – here’s what a data scientist actually does

Business Tech

So what does a Data Scientist actually do? According to the University of Wisconsin, “a data scientist’s job is to analyze data for actionable insights”, sounds straightforward enough but this is no small task. The University of Wisconsin goes on to list some of the tasks a Data Scientist is likely to perform in their day-to-day duties.

When Is the Best Age for Americans to Claim Social Security?

Newsweek

Noted: In fact, poverty rates accelerate as people reach their early 80s, says Pamela Herd, Professor of Public Affairs & Sociology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. “Some of what’s going on is that people are losing other sources of income,” Herd explains. “So when you hit 85, you may have run through private savings at that point. Social Security becomes your financial lifeline.”

In Delaying Aging, Caloric Restriction Becomes Powerful Research Tool in Human Studies

Lab Manager Magazine

“In keeping with the extraordinary track record of The Journals of Gerontology in multidisciplinary aging studies, the special issue features CR studies ranging from simple unicellular models to human clinical trials,” said Biological Sciences Co-Editor-in-Chief Rozalyn M. Anderson, PhD, FGSA, who leads the Metabolism of Aging Research Program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. “One of the things that people sometimes miss is the amazing fact that aging can be altered; CR research proves this.”

Dairy outlook not so rosy for 2018

WI State Farmer

According to Bob Cropp, Professor Emeritus at the University of Wisconsin Cooperative Extension and Mark Stephenson, director of Dairy Policy Analysis from the University of Wisconsin, both the EU and New Zealand are having stronger milk production years.

These two will compete with the U.S. for dairy export markets.

Invasive Garlic Mustard — Love It Or Leave It?

WKAR-FM, Michigan Public Radio

Noted: Richard Lankau co-authored a recent study on this in the journal  Functional Ecology . “This weapon if you will, it’s not useful when you’re competing with other members of your own species,” says Lankau, who teaches plant pathology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

NIH plans big shake-up of minority mentoring network

Science

Noted: The scientists now leading the various components of NRMN are still trying to digest news of its possible deconstruction, and their response to the pending solicitations. “We have not even had a chance to talk as a group yet,” Christine Pfund, a cell biologist at the University of Wisconsin inMadison who leads NRMN’s mentor training core, wrote in an email. “Lots to discuss after the holidays.”

Scientists Debate If It’s OK To Make Viruses More Dangerous In The Lab

NPR

Virologist Yoshihiro Kawaoka of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, whose lab did one of the flu experiments that caused such controversy, said his work convinced government agencies that they needed to spend the money to replenish the emergency vaccines that have been stockpiled for this particular bird flu virus, because it does indeed seem capable of mutating in ways that could start a pandemic. “This information is important for policymakers,” he said, adding that such experiments allow scientists “to obtain information that we could not obtain by other methods unless it actually occurred in nature.”

Traditional Conservatives Create New Group To Promote Renewable Energy

Clean Technica

Ryan Owens is a political science professor a the University of Wisconsin in Madison. At a news conference announcing the creation of the Wisconsin Conservative Energy Forum, he said he hopes the new group will help bring public and private leaders together to create beneficial bipartisan policies. If so, it will be the first bipartisan initiative Wisconsin has seen this century. “There’s an excellent opportunity for us to bring this conversation back to a common sense position that Wisconsinites can get behind and that will benefit us all,” Owens said.

Politics Moves Fast. Peer Review Moves Slow. What’s A Political Scientist To Do?

FiveThirtyEight

Take that survey on voter suppression in Wisconsin. Kenneth Mayer, professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, was the lead researcher on a project that sent surveys to 2,400 people in two counties who hadn’t voted in the 2016 election, then published the results as a press release. Twelve percent of people replied to the survey, and by extrapolating those 288 responses to all people in those counties who were registered to vote but did not, Mayer’s team estimated that between 11,000 and 23,000 Wisconsinites could have been deterred from voting because of the state’s ID law.

CEOs’ Risk Jobs if Taxes Differ Too Greatly from Competition

CPA Practice Advisor

Noted: Enacted in 2002 in response to jolting financial scandals at Enron, WorldCom and other major companies, SOX instituted a considerable tightening of federal corporate regulation. In the words of the study, by James A. Chyz of the University of Tennessee and Fabio B. Gaertner of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, the “post-SOX period coincided with increased IRS scrutiny of aggressive tax positions and legislation that led to increased regulatory scrutiny over the tax function. Consistent with increased pressures to be less tax-aggressive, we find that being in the lowest quintile of benchmarked tax rates [became] influential in predicting CEO turnover… This is consistent with boards responding to…increase[d] political and reputational costs surrounding tax avoidance.”

Gerit Grimm turns ceramic figures into storytellers

Milwaukee Journal Sentinel

Noted: Grimm, who teaches at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, is a meticulous and accomplished ceramicist. Her work reflects an accumulation of influences and interests that date back to her childhood in the former German Democratic Republic, her years as a production potter, and her early fascination with the California Funk ceramic movement. She is a voracious consumer of art history and a determined boundary-pusher at the potter’s wheel.

Consumers could pay more following Net Neutrality repeal

Wisconsin Radio Network

The policy shift means internet providers will be able to create slow and fast lanes for online content. UW-Madison telecommunications professor emeritus Barry Orton says that will likely mean price hikes to get online and for many of the services you are using. “Ultimately the consumers pay for that,” he says.

Are alleys the new frontier for D.C.’s housing market?

Washington Post

For Rebecca Summer, a PhD candidate in geography at the University of Wisconsin at Madison who has studied alleys in the District, how alleys are regarded in the public’s mind offers a clear snapshot of the city. Where alleys used to be treated as breeding grounds for vice, they are now celebrated as edgy and quintessentially urban, she said.“Now, they’re still hidden,” Summer said. “But instead of people denigrating them, they’re seen as cool spaces.”

Reading a Story With Unnamed Sources

Snopes.com

But two journalism experts we interviewed said if unnamed sources are used too frequently or unnecessarily, journalists risk losing the trust of audiences. Kathleen Culver, director of the Center for Journalism Ethics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison told us stories targeting President Donald Trump’s inner circle that deal in “palace intrigue” and utilize unnamed sources to tell lurid tales of strife within the White House may be wearing on readers’ credulity for such stories.

Campaign to end childhood poverty in Wisconsin commits to outcomes, not specific policies

Capital Times

Noted: Timothy Smeeding, a UW-Madison professor at the La Follette School of Public Affairs and the former director of Institute for Research and Poverty, believes that it’s possible to cut child poverty in half (personally, he’s a proponent of income support for parents with kids), but believes reaching the goal will require federal effort.

Can Kindness Be Taught?

The New York Times

Noted: The exercise was part of the Kindness Curriculum, developed by the Center for Healthy Minds at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, in which preschoolers are introduced to a potpourri of sensory games, songs and stories that are designed to help them pay closer attention to their emotions.

Building better dairies

WI State Farmer

Since 2010, Cook has directed the School of Veterinary Medicine’s Dairyland Initiative, which focuses on providing dairy producers the information they need to build better housing using sound scientific principles that Cook and his vet school colleague Kenneth Nordlund developed.

Waze and Google Maps Create Traffic in Cities

New York Magazine

My favorite coalition of grumps have been the residents of Takoma Park, Maryland, who actually spent time falsifying accident reports to Waze in order to prompt the algorithm to shift the route elsewhere. But all of the actions, either infrastructure changes performed by the city or hacks by community groups, have the same intended purpose: “I will make driving through our neighborhoods more difficult, so you will not use the street,” says Jeff Ban, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Wisconsin.

Opioid crisis strains foster system as kids pried from homes

San Francisco Chronicle

Anxiety can amass, academic performance can plunge, feelings of abandonment can run rampant, and the ability to trust can be strained. Says Maria Cancian, a social work professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison: “When people ask me, ’Is foster care good or bad?’ the first thing I say is, ’Compared to what?’

How big oil is tightening its grip on Donald Trump’s White House

The Guardian

Since April 2014, 35 of OIRA’s 712 meetings on proposed EPA regulations have been with API representatives – including a 2015 conference call with the institute’s president, Gerard, over ozone. The institute, along with the American Chemistry Council and ExxonMobil, ranked among the top 10 groups that met with OIRA from 2001 to 2011. Such encounters wield influence: a 2015 study by University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers found the agency was more likely to edit rules when lobbied by industry than by public interest groups. Rao’s office did not respond to requests for comment, but on its website OIRA notes it will meet with “any party interested in discussing issues on a rule under review”.

Alfalfa leaves key to quality and yield

WI State Farmer

University of Wisconsin Madison Agronomy Professor Dan Undersander told farmers attending the Vita Plus Dairy Summit held recently in Madison, that the bulk of nutrition of an alfalfa plant is in the leaves. Disease, rain, and harvesting equipment can strip the nutrition-packed leaves from the stem and leave cows wanting more.

Sexual Harassment, the Open Secret of the Scientific Community

To the Best of Our Knowledge, Public Radio International

Erika Marin-Spiotta wants to understand and perhaps prevent that sense of helplessness Willenbring felt. The University of Wisconsin – Madison professor is leading a $1.1 million grant project from the National Science Foundation to investigate how and why harassment happens within the sciences, particularly within the geosciences — not because they’re the only science facing harassment as a systemic problem, but because of the high likelihood of many, many more students facing the circumstances that Willenbring and Lewis faced.”90 percent or more of geology undergraduate degree programs require a field course. So students have to go to the field,” says Marin-Spiotta. “If something happens, you’re not on campus. You don’t have your support network. It’s unclear. The supervisors in that case might be the people who are harassing you. They control your access to food. They control your access to communication. They control your access to a doctor or healthcare.”

How the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ can retool Wisconsin

Milwaukee Journal Sentinel

Noted: Guri Sohi and Jignesh Patel of the University of Wisconsin-Madison computer science department, one of the nation’s highest-ranked programs, talked about how computing is disrupting industries such as manufacturing, insurance, financial services, agriculture, biotechnology, healthcare and transportation — all part of the Wisconsin economic fabric.

Making Fuel out of Thick Air

Lab Manager Magazine

In a commentary in Nature, based on the study, Ive Hermans, chemistry professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, noted that the research “links homogeneous organometallic chemistry … with solid-phase (heterogeneous) catalysis, and illustrates the importance of understanding catalysts at the atomic scale.”In the study, the research team suggested that further research and testing will illuminate the mechanism and reaction pathways that will guide new methane conversion catalyst design.

Facebook Messenger Kids probably won’t ruin your children

Popular Science

“Giving parents control is likely to create contention,” says Heather Kirkorian, an associate professor of human development and family studies at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. “But, parental oversight is an important part of a healthy introduction to this kind of communication. Prohibiting social media can sometimes motivate kids to find unregulated channels which open them up to more risk. ”For many kids who have already usurped the COPPA restrictions and signed up for unrestricted apps, Facebook Messenger Kids will likely feel restrictive. But, as a first experience, the scaled down nature can be a boon. Kirkorian likened it to social media training wheels.

Trump’s Decision to Shrink Utah’s Monuments Really Pissed Off Paleontologists

Earther

According to Allison Stegner, a Quaternary paleoecologist at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, the loss of monument status could make it harder for researchers to acquire funding from outside sources, too.“When I write a grant, to say I’m working in Bears Ears is helpful,” she told Earther. “The scientific and cultural value of the site makes it easier to demonstrate the value of my work.”

Schools say sale of naming rights helps save taxpayers money

Madison.com

Noted: “There has always been corporate sponsorship,” said Tom O’Guinn, a marketing professor at UW-Madison. “You see them on Little League uniforms and business names on the boards at hockey rinks. It’s only gotten people’s attention lately, but it is controversial. On the one hand, if you need the money, what’s wrong with a little advertising? But on the other hand, it begs the question, is nothing sacred? Do we have to sell everything?

What’s next after end of decades-long Keillor-MPR relationship?

Pioneer Press

“ ‘Prairie Home Companion’ became the basis for the catalog,” said Jack Mitchell, a journalism professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison who was a longtime executive director of Wisconsin Public Radio.The catalog — in part built on ads Keillor printed on the backs of thank-you posters he sent to listeners — “turned into a goldmine for MPR,” Mitchell added. “That’s where it cleaned up.”

Stressed Out, Anxious or Sad? Try Meditating

Wall Street Journal

Psychologist and author Daniel Goleman—well-known for his 1995 book “Emotional Intelligence”—spent almost two years combing through more than 6,000 academic studies on meditation with a team of researchers to sort through the hype and discover the real benefits. He wrote about his findings in a new book, “Altered Traits: Science Reveals How Meditation Changes Your Mind, Brain and Body,” which he co-authored with Richard J. Davidson, a neuroscientist who directs a brain lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.