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Category: UW Experts in the News

Is Biodegradable Plastic Really a Thing?

The New York Times

“It’s complicated, because biodegradability changes depending on where you’re at and what happens to your plastic,” said George W. Huber, a professor of chemical engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison who works on solutions for plastic waste. “And there are companies who make claims about biodegradable plastic that aren’t backed up.”

Cybersecurity pros in high demand as hacking attacks soar

The Capital Times

Meanwhile, new technologies like artificial intelligence will give cybercriminals new frontiers, said University of Wisconsin-Madison computer science professor Somesh Jha, who specializes in security. While machine learning tools can be used to automate some parts of the cybersecurity process, they also offer bad actors new ways to wreak havoc, like, for example, interfering with self-driving cars.

Madison’s housing crisis is a national extreme

The Capital Times

Similar-sized cities like Fort Wayne, Indiana, or Toledo, Ohio, that had their manufacturing sectors decline have seen their populations either stagnant or barely grow year over year, while Madison continues to grow, said Kurt Paulsen, a professor of urban planning at UW-Madison. And other Midwest state capitals with big universities, such as Lincoln, Nebraska or Columbus, Ohio, have lower median home values.

“This is always the challenge with how you measure Madison,” Paulsen said. “It’s really hard to find a comparable.”

Canadian wildfires continue to impact Wisconsin air quality

Channel 3000

“I’ve lived here for 30 years and until last summer, never had a summer like that where we had the air quality warnings,” says Monica Turner, a Professor of Ecology & Biology for UW-Madison.

“The wildfires in Canada are so large and they’re being driven by the warming climate that we have. The smoke particles are going up in the atmosphere and then coming down and being driven by the winds into Wisconsin and other parts of the country,” says Turner.

MIT gives AI the power to ‘reason like humans’ by creating hybrid architecture

Live Science

“Library learning represents one of the most exciting frontiers in artificial intelligence, offering a path towards discovering and reasoning over compositional abstractions,” said Robert Hawkins, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, in a statement. Hawkins, who was not involved with the research, added that similar attempts in the past were too computationally expensive to use at scale.

Did humans evolve to chase down prey over long distances?

New Scientist

Henry Bunn at the University of Wisconsin-Madison says he remains sceptical of the hypothesis. Bunn thinks the method wouldn’t have worked in the bushlands where humans evolved, where hunters would quickly lose sight of fleeing prey. He also thinks endurance hunters would catch mostly young or old animals, but his team found teeth from butchered animals in their prime at one 2-million-year-old site.

Wisconsin Supreme Court output plummets

Wisconsin Watch

Robert Yablon, a professor at the University of Wisconsin Law School and an expert on state courts, said the Wisconsin Supreme Court’s declining case count is on par with a national trend of state supreme courts and the U.S. Supreme Court deciding fewer cases.

“They are conceiving of themselves as courts that are resolving the big ticket issues, rather than doing run of the mill error correction,” Yablon said of high courts around the country.

Fear over avian flu has died down for Wisconsin dairy farms. But experts warn of continued threat.

Wisconsin Public Radio

Jackie McCarville is a regional dairy educator for the University of Wisconsin-Madison’s Division of Extension in southwestern Wisconsin. She also feels like concern around avian flu has died down, especially as many farms begin work in their fields this spring.

“But I think it’s still in the back of a lot of minds: what happens if it does get into Wisconsin?” McCarville said. “What considerations should we be looking at? It’s a great time to look at your biosecurity plan to see what you can do to protect your farm.”

Keith Poulsen, director of the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, said much of the national dairy industry has been opposed to doing more testing for the virus on farms. He said the number of avian flu tests in cattle across the country has actually declined since the federal order requiring them went into place.

Law enforcement, mental health experts say Mount Horeb school shooting was difficult situation with few easy answers

Milwaukee Journal Sentinel

“We are in this time where we often see cops shooting people in unjustified ways, which is definitely a big social problem right now,” said Travis Wright, an associate professor of counseling psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. “But this wasn’t a cop doing a cold call warrant on an adult who was caught off guard. This was somebody in a defensive act protecting children.”

‘Joyce Chen’s China’: How a Film Used Food to Bridge a Cold-War Divide

Gastro Obscura

As young Chinese-Americans raised (and, in Stephen’s case, born) in the United States, Helen and Stephen were in a rare position to guide Americans through this once-forbidden land. “We saw China through their eyes as Americans that could broker more easily into Chinese culture,” says Cindy I-Fen Cheng, author of Citizens of Asian America and professor of American history and Asian-American studies at University of Wisconsin, Madison. “We saw it with fresh eyes. We’re like, ‘Look at the wonders!’”

Invasive tree-killing beetle likely in every Wisconsin county

Wisconsin Public Radio

Around 50 percent or fewer ash trees have died in northern Wisconsin where infestations are relatively new, according to PJ Liesch, an entomologist with the Division of Extension at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

“Unfortunately, we’re still going to be seeing lots of ash trees dying over the years and likely decades to come,” Liesch said.

Wisconsin cultures and their folk music get major honor from Library of Congress

Wisconsin State Journal

“It is the most diverse, equitable, and inclusive folksong field collection ever made for the Library of Congress,” said James P. Leary, professor emeritus of Folklore and Scandinavian Studies at UW-Madison. It reminds “us that we cannot fully grasp the richness of American roots music without recognizing the many peoples, tongues, and sounds that – whether past or present, from mainstream or margins, deservedly acknowledged or unjustly ignored – have always made America great.”

Student Loan Cancellation Update: New Group Considered for Forgiveness

Newsweek

Dr. Nick Hillman, a professor in the School of Education at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, referenced a 2020 article written by Dr. Denisa Gándara and Dr. Sosanya Jones titled Who Deserves benefits in higher Education? A Policy Discourse Analysis of a Process Surrounding Reauthorization of the Higher Education Act, telling Newsweek via email on Thursday that “they have found policymakers favor certain groups over others based on notions of deservingness.

An Epic Battle Over 1 Mile of Land in Wisconsin Is Tearing Environmentalists Apart

Mother Jones

The Cardinal-Hickory Creek fight is as much about legal principles as it is about the fate of the mile-wide section of the wildlife refuge the developers want to traverse. The actual environmental impacts of the current deal on the table are arguably not the worst outcome, explains David Drake, a wildlife specialist at the University of Wisconsin. With proper mitigation, he argues, the ecosystem could respond well to the proposed land swap. “After the transmission towers are constructed, there is a minimal impact at that point,” he explains, though he warns that construction would still pose dangers like habitat disturbance and invasive species.

How Loneliness Affects the Brain

The New York Times

“Small, transient episodes of loneliness really motivate people to then seek out social connection,” said Anna Finley, a postdoctoral research fellow at the Institute on Aging at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. “But in chronic episodes of loneliness, that seems to kind of backfire” because people become especially attuned to social threats or signals of exclusion, which can then make it scary or unpleasant for them to interact with others.

What are the new COVID FLiRT variants, and are they in Wisconsin?

Milwaukee Journal Sentinel

KP.1.1 and KP.2, nicknamed FLiRT (pronounced “flirt”), are considered omicron variants, said University of Wisconsin-Madison professor of population health sciences Ajay Sethi. The “FL” and “RT” in the name refer to the mutations present in the variants that allow them to evade some of the immunity people have built up from past infections or vaccines.

Hawaii may soon have America’s first official state gesture

The Economist

And for well over a decade Jo Handelsman, at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, has been championing a state microbe. Among other things, Lactococcus lactis is used to make cheese, a big local industry. Professor Handelsman said the idea to make it a state symbol started off as a joke in a meeting of the bacteriology department.

Colleagues were considering how to educate people about the benefits of microbes, but then they decided “that’s actually a great idea”. The first attempt to pass it, in 2009, failed, but it’s back on the agenda.

Historic pig-to-human kidney transplant excites Wisconsin medical community

Wisconsin Public Radio

The milestone transplant excites Dr. Anna Gaddy of the Medical College of Wisconsin and Dr. Didier Mandelbrot of UW Health who work with patients living with chronic kidney disease.

“The burden of chronic kidney disease in the United States is just enormous and the vast majority of people with chronic kidney disease don’t know that they have it,” Gaddy said.

‘Here & Now’ Highlights: Peter Hart-Brinson, Eileen Newcomer, Dr. Keith Poulsen

PBS Wisconsin

Dr. Keith Poulsen, director of the UW-Madison Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, has been monitoring a strain of avian influenza called H5N1 that has so far been identified in dairy cows in nine states. It has not been found in Wisconsin, but Poulsen said researchers are testing cows that are transported across state lines.

How to Consult an Onion Oracle

Atlas Obscura

“I think folklore forecasts will continue to reside in our social communities and circles. They’re tradition,” says Steve Ackerman, retired professor of atmospheric and oceanic sciences at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He adds tactfully: “While old sayings of the coming weather still enter our social lives, I do think we rely more now on forecasts that better reflect our understanding of atmosphere circulations.”

Cicadas Are Here. Time to Eat.

The New York Times

“We still don’t fully understand some of the core aspects of their biology,” said PJ Liesch, an entomologist at the University of Wisconsin. Though there are theories about the insects counting the years through the compounds in tree sap, soil temperatures and their own underground communication, none manage to completely unravel the cicada’s mystery.

In Wisconsin, poll workers can have a partisan origin story

The Capital Times

In those situations, having members of both parties present reduces the risk that observers might think poll workers are trying to benefit one side or another, said Barry Burden, director of the Elections Research Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

“It should build trust in the system, because it means that each polling place, if it were staffed by at least one Republican and one Democratic poll worker, has a monitor from each party essentially keeping eyes on what’s happening,” Burden said.

The long history of student protests at UW-Madison

WUWM

Student protests across the UW system are as old as the universities themselves. One project is working to archive that history, specifically at UW-Madison. It’s called Sifting and Reckoning. It shares the history of student protests and uncovers the exclusion and violence toward marginalized groups on campus. Kacie Lucchini Butcher, the director of the Rebecca M Blanks Center for Campus History, shares about the project.

Trauma from a school shooting like Mount Horeb’s can hurt for a long time, here’s how to cope

Green Bay Press-Gazette

Research shows that traumatic experiences can shift the physical makeup of our brains, said Shanda Wells, behavioral health manager for Behavioral Health in Primary Care at UW Health. When we encounter life-threatening events, it can change how we react to other things, which makes processing those experiences all the more vital.

Milk Has Lost Its Magic

The Atlantic

If concerns around bird flu persist, milk’s relevance may continue to slide. Even the slightest bit of consumer apprehension could cause already-struggling dairy farms to shut down. “An additional contributing factor really doesn’t bode well,” Leonard Polzin, a dairy expert at the University of Wisconsin at Madison’s Division of Extension, told me. For the rest of us, there is now yet another reason to avoid milk—and even less left to the belief that milk is special.

Making Flying Cleaner

The New York Times

I spoke to Tyler Lark, a scientist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison whose 2022 study questioned ethanol’s climate credentials and concluded that it can be more carbon-intensive than gasoline. He told me that the margins on ethanol’s benefits are thin enough that, depending on the model you chose to calculate its effects, the results can be radically different. His paper prompted rebuttals from the Renewable Fuel Association, an industry group, and the United States Department of Agriculture.

Do financial-literacy programs actually work? Some experts still aren’t so sure.

MarketWatch

There are some educational interventions that could help those at the lower end of the income-distribution spectrum. Educating consumers on certain kinds of fraud or teaching them how to negotiate or dispute debts are examples of some effective interventions, said J. Michael Collins, a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and faculty director of the school’s Center for Financial Security.