One year ago, Richard F. Celeste, president of Colorado College, did not keep a red card in his wallet that explained how to send messages to the entire campus during emergencies.
Charles D. Green, leader of the University of Iowa’s police department, did not arm his officers with .40-caliber Smith & Wesson pistols â?? or any guns at all.
And William N. Flagler Jr. did not hand out business cards identifying him as the director of Northern Virginia Community College’s Office of Emergency Planning, because the job did not exist.