In 1953 James Watson and Francis Crick had elucidated the double helix structure of DNA, but they did not know how DNA?s instructions (for the building of proteins that shape every aspect of our bodies) were implemented. Then, in the late 1950s, Holley showed that small molecules of Ribonucleic acids (RNA, a chemical in cells) called transfer RNAs, perform the role of a “messengers”, carrying coding information to the sites where amino acids are synthesised into proteins.
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