It’s not certain, however, that when outcomes data is presented in a more-personalized fashion, doing so improves its effectiveness. Deciding on a college and then a major is a complicated and sometimes yearslong process for many students. Bleemer, the Yale professor, cites research done in the 2010s by Matthew Wiswall, a professor of economics at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, and Basit Zafar, a professor of economics at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor.