Karl Malcolm discusses his bear research in west-central Wisconsin. Malcolm, a doctoral candidate at the University of Wisconsin, is studying how black bears are expanding southward in numbers and in space. Malcolm said black bears — which number 26,000 to 40,000 statewide — are expanding their range for the same reasons any group seeks new frontiers: to avoid competition for food and cover. That means starting a new life where they won?t get smacked around by bigger, meaner bears.