Quoted: With about 730 participants, Keeps is relatively small; hormone research has been tough to finance in the post-W.H.I. years, and every scientist and physician Iâ??ve spoken to said there will never again be another hormone trial as costly and ambitious as the W.H.I. A second study, based in Los Angeles, called the Early Versus Late Intervention Trial With Estradiol, is following more than 600 women â?? comparing a group that has been post-menopausal for an average of 15 years and that is on estradiol or on a placebo with a second, younger group that is an average of three years post-menopausal. â??This is the age when we should really study estrogen,â? says Sanjay Asthana, a University of Wisconsin medical professor who is a designer of the cognition component of Keeps. â??People like me are really waiting to see what this data looks like. Either way. We need to know.â?