Noted: Those wishing to text-mine within the rules must agree contracts with the publishers, and sometimes pay a fee. Haeussler got permission to mine the corpus of Amsterdam-based publisher Elsevier for free. But another academic text-mining project, BioNOT, based at the University of Wisconsin?Madison, was not so fortunate. The collaboration was charged extra for its contract to search Elsevier papers to automatically extract negative results, potentially useful for showing that genes are not related to a disease, for example.