If humans eventually travel to Mars and beyond, scientists must figure out how to feed them.
Category: UW Experts in the News
Invasive Garlic Mustard — Love It Or Leave It?
Noted: Richard Lankau co-authored a recent study on this in the journal Functional Ecology . “This weapon if you will, it’s not useful when you’re competing with other members of your own species,” says Lankau, who teaches plant pathology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
NIH plans big shake-up of minority mentoring network
Noted: The scientists now leading the various components of NRMN are still trying to digest news of its possible deconstruction, and their response to the pending solicitations. “We have not even had a chance to talk as a group yet,” Christine Pfund, a cell biologist at the University of Wisconsin inMadison who leads NRMN’s mentor training core, wrote in an email. “Lots to discuss after the holidays.”
Bugs may be causing a common crop mold to produce a deadly toxin
Noted: “All in all this makes sense to me, and it’s what I would predict,” says Nancy Keller, a microbiologist at the University of Wisconsin in Madison who was not involved in the study. “It’s nice to have a solid piece of [research] out on this.”
Our film and video history is threatened by the rise of streaming video
Noted: “That crowds out older films,” says David Bordwell, a film historian at the University of Wisconsin. “They’re going to have less and less motive to highlight the classics in their catalogs.” That threatens the economics of film history. “How many restorations of old films will there be?” he asks. “How many foreign titles?”
Scientists Debate If It’s OK To Make Viruses More Dangerous In The Lab
Virologist Yoshihiro Kawaoka of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, whose lab did one of the flu experiments that caused such controversy, said his work convinced government agencies that they needed to spend the money to replenish the emergency vaccines that have been stockpiled for this particular bird flu virus, because it does indeed seem capable of mutating in ways that could start a pandemic. “This information is important for policymakers,” he said, adding that such experiments allow scientists “to obtain information that we could not obtain by other methods unless it actually occurred in nature.”
Traditional Conservatives Create New Group To Promote Renewable Energy
Ryan Owens is a political science professor a the University of Wisconsin in Madison. At a news conference announcing the creation of the Wisconsin Conservative Energy Forum, he said he hopes the new group will help bring public and private leaders together to create beneficial bipartisan policies. If so, it will be the first bipartisan initiative Wisconsin has seen this century. “There’s an excellent opportunity for us to bring this conversation back to a common sense position that Wisconsinites can get behind and that will benefit us all,” Owens said.
Politics Moves Fast. Peer Review Moves Slow. What’s A Political Scientist To Do?
Take that survey on voter suppression in Wisconsin. Kenneth Mayer, professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, was the lead researcher on a project that sent surveys to 2,400 people in two counties who hadn’t voted in the 2016 election, then published the results as a press release. Twelve percent of people replied to the survey, and by extrapolating those 288 responses to all people in those counties who were registered to vote but did not, Mayer’s team estimated that between 11,000 and 23,000 Wisconsinites could have been deterred from voting because of the state’s ID law.
CEOs’ Risk Jobs if Taxes Differ Too Greatly from Competition
Noted: Enacted in 2002 in response to jolting financial scandals at Enron, WorldCom and other major companies, SOX instituted a considerable tightening of federal corporate regulation. In the words of the study, by James A. Chyz of the University of Tennessee and Fabio B. Gaertner of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, the “post-SOX period coincided with increased IRS scrutiny of aggressive tax positions and legislation that led to increased regulatory scrutiny over the tax function. Consistent with increased pressures to be less tax-aggressive, we find that being in the lowest quintile of benchmarked tax rates [became] influential in predicting CEO turnover… This is consistent with boards responding to…increase[d] political and reputational costs surrounding tax avoidance.”
2018 Outlook: Regional Economics to Influence Hay Prices Most
Rising highway costs are making the expense of delivering hay more of a consideration, which is resulting in very regionalized hay prices, according to Dan Undersander, a member of the University of Wisconsin Madison forage team.
After gBETA, UW Professor’s Latest Startup Aims to Ride Chatbot Wave
Quoted: “The targeted user could be a decision-maker who has no programming experience,” says Jignesh Patel, one of DataChat’s co-founders and a computer science professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Gerit Grimm turns ceramic figures into storytellers
Noted: Grimm, who teaches at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, is a meticulous and accomplished ceramicist. Her work reflects an accumulation of influences and interests that date back to her childhood in the former German Democratic Republic, her years as a production potter, and her early fascination with the California Funk ceramic movement. She is a voracious consumer of art history and a determined boundary-pusher at the potter’s wheel.
Donnelly, Johnson, Klobuchar Introduce Bipartisan Bill To Empower Student Borrowers
Derek Kindle, director of the Office of Student Financial Aid at UW-Madison, said, “We know that having better informed students, makes for more responsible borrowers.
Horse-buggy rules would drive Amish out of Wisconsin community, expert says
If the ordinance is passed, the Amish will leave Wood County, said Mark Louden, a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison who specializes in Amish and Pennsylvania Dutch language and culture
Secret Link Uncovered Between Pure Math and Physics
“There are not many techniques, even though we’ve been working on this for 3,000 years. So whenever anyone comes up with an authentically new way to do things it’s a big deal, and Minhyong did that,” said Jordan Ellenberg, a mathematician at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Madison bike-sharing program grows as industry changes
The industry’s economic side is “where all the questions are these days,” said Hart Posen, a University of Wisconsin-Madison associate professor of business who tracks sharing economies. It’s still too early to know whether bike-sharing businesses can be profitable, Posen said.
UW prof defends his study that found voter ID law deterred thousands from voting
University of Wisconsin-Madison political science professor Ken Mayer released results of a study this fall that found changes to the state’s voter ID law led to enormous confusion and deterred thousands from voting.
Consumers could pay more following Net Neutrality repeal
The policy shift means internet providers will be able to create slow and fast lanes for online content. UW-Madison telecommunications professor emeritus Barry Orton says that will likely mean price hikes to get online and for many of the services you are using. “Ultimately the consumers pay for that,” he says.
Are alleys the new frontier for D.C.’s housing market?
For Rebecca Summer, a PhD candidate in geography at the University of Wisconsin at Madison who has studied alleys in the District, how alleys are regarded in the public’s mind offers a clear snapshot of the city. Where alleys used to be treated as breeding grounds for vice, they are now celebrated as edgy and quintessentially urban, she said.“Now, they’re still hidden,” Summer said. “But instead of people denigrating them, they’re seen as cool spaces.”
Reading a Story With Unnamed Sources
But two journalism experts we interviewed said if unnamed sources are used too frequently or unnecessarily, journalists risk losing the trust of audiences. Kathleen Culver, director of the Center for Journalism Ethics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison told us stories targeting President Donald Trump’s inner circle that deal in “palace intrigue” and utilize unnamed sources to tell lurid tales of strife within the White House may be wearing on readers’ credulity for such stories.
Lawmakers tackle changes to funding Wisconsin schools
Noted: Commission member Julie Underwood, a school law professor at UW-Madison and the former dean of the university’s School of Education, said she wants the commission’s work to build not from a total blank slate, but from the state Constitution’s requirement of providing a “uniform system of education.”
Campaign to end childhood poverty in Wisconsin commits to outcomes, not specific policies
Noted: Timothy Smeeding, a UW-Madison professor at the La Follette School of Public Affairs and the former director of Institute for Research and Poverty, believes that it’s possible to cut child poverty in half (personally, he’s a proponent of income support for parents with kids), but believes reaching the goal will require federal effort.
Can Kindness Be Taught?
Noted: The exercise was part of the Kindness Curriculum, developed by the Center for Healthy Minds at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, in which preschoolers are introduced to a potpourri of sensory games, songs and stories that are designed to help them pay closer attention to their emotions.
Doctor launches podcast in father’s honor, a new resource for Alzheimer’s disease
Dr. Chin is a University of Wisconsin Health Geriatrician who works with the Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center on the new podcast “Dementia Matters.”It’s a podcast that offers basic information about Alzheimer’s disease.
Madison Doctor Shapes Medical Dramas On The Small And Big Screens
Kohler, an assistant professor of pediatric surgery at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, has owned his own consulting company since 2005, RxCreative, which helps television and film writers and producers create accurate medical narratives.
FCC’s vote on net neutrality could have big impact on students
Quoted: “The people who provide it can charge what they want, they can treat various services differently if they want to,” said Barry Orton, a professor emeritus at UW-Madison. He’s an expert on telecommunications policy and internet utilization.
Building better dairies
Since 2010, Cook has directed the School of Veterinary Medicine’s Dairyland Initiative, which focuses on providing dairy producers the information they need to build better housing using sound scientific principles that Cook and his vet school colleague Kenneth Nordlund developed.
Waze and Google Maps Create Traffic in Cities
My favorite coalition of grumps have been the residents of Takoma Park, Maryland, who actually spent time falsifying accident reports to Waze in order to prompt the algorithm to shift the route elsewhere. But all of the actions, either infrastructure changes performed by the city or hacks by community groups, have the same intended purpose: “I will make driving through our neighborhoods more difficult, so you will not use the street,” says Jeff Ban, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Wisconsin.
Opioid crisis strains foster system as kids pried from homes
Anxiety can amass, academic performance can plunge, feelings of abandonment can run rampant, and the ability to trust can be strained. Says Maria Cancian, a social work professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison: “When people ask me, ’Is foster care good or bad?’ the first thing I say is, ’Compared to what?’
How big oil is tightening its grip on Donald Trump’s White House
Since April 2014, 35 of OIRA’s 712 meetings on proposed EPA regulations have been with API representatives – including a 2015 conference call with the institute’s president, Gerard, over ozone. The institute, along with the American Chemistry Council and ExxonMobil, ranked among the top 10 groups that met with OIRA from 2001 to 2011. Such encounters wield influence: a 2015 study by University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers found the agency was more likely to edit rules when lobbied by industry than by public interest groups. Rao’s office did not respond to requests for comment, but on its website OIRA notes it will meet with “any party interested in discussing issues on a rule under review”.
Alfalfa leaves key to quality and yield
University of Wisconsin Madison Agronomy Professor Dan Undersander told farmers attending the Vita Plus Dairy Summit held recently in Madison, that the bulk of nutrition of an alfalfa plant is in the leaves. Disease, rain, and harvesting equipment can strip the nutrition-packed leaves from the stem and leave cows wanting more.
Sexual Harassment, the Open Secret of the Scientific Community
Erika Marin-Spiotta wants to understand and perhaps prevent that sense of helplessness Willenbring felt. The University of Wisconsin – Madison professor is leading a $1.1 million grant project from the National Science Foundation to investigate how and why harassment happens within the sciences, particularly within the geosciences — not because they’re the only science facing harassment as a systemic problem, but because of the high likelihood of many, many more students facing the circumstances that Willenbring and Lewis faced.”90 percent or more of geology undergraduate degree programs require a field course. So students have to go to the field,” says Marin-Spiotta. “If something happens, you’re not on campus. You don’t have your support network. It’s unclear. The supervisors in that case might be the people who are harassing you. They control your access to food. They control your access to communication. They control your access to a doctor or healthcare.”
Foxconn’s plans to use driverless vehicles points to potential of emerging technology
Quoted: “My impression is that Foxconn’s interests are definitely larger than just setting up a plant,” said Peter Rafferty, a researcher in the Traffic Operations and Safety Laboratory at UW’s College of Engineering.
Madison bike-sharing grows in popularity as industry evolves nationwide
Quoted: The economic side of the industry is “where all the questions are these days,” said Hart Posen, a UW-Madison associate professor of business who tracks sharing economies.
How the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ can retool Wisconsin
Noted: Guri Sohi and Jignesh Patel of the University of Wisconsin-Madison computer science department, one of the nation’s highest-ranked programs, talked about how computing is disrupting industries such as manufacturing, insurance, financial services, agriculture, biotechnology, healthcare and transportation — all part of the Wisconsin economic fabric.
The First Women in Tech Didn’t Leave—Men Pushed Them Out
Women were systematically pushed out of the field, says technology historian Marie Hicks, assistant professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, who wrote about it in her recent book, “Programmed Inequality.” But replacing experienced women with male novices didn’t go as government bureaucrats planned, according to Dr. Hicks.
Making Fuel out of Thick Air
In a commentary in Nature, based on the study, Ive Hermans, chemistry professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, noted that the research “links homogeneous organometallic chemistry … with solid-phase (heterogeneous) catalysis, and illustrates the importance of understanding catalysts at the atomic scale.”In the study, the research team suggested that further research and testing will illuminate the mechanism and reaction pathways that will guide new methane conversion catalyst design.
Facebook Messenger Kids probably won’t ruin your children
“Giving parents control is likely to create contention,” says Heather Kirkorian, an associate professor of human development and family studies at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. “But, parental oversight is an important part of a healthy introduction to this kind of communication. Prohibiting social media can sometimes motivate kids to find unregulated channels which open them up to more risk. ”For many kids who have already usurped the COPPA restrictions and signed up for unrestricted apps, Facebook Messenger Kids will likely feel restrictive. But, as a first experience, the scaled down nature can be a boon. Kirkorian likened it to social media training wheels.
Trump’s Decision to Shrink Utah’s Monuments Really Pissed Off Paleontologists
According to Allison Stegner, a Quaternary paleoecologist at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, the loss of monument status could make it harder for researchers to acquire funding from outside sources, too.“When I write a grant, to say I’m working in Bears Ears is helpful,” she told Earther. “The scientific and cultural value of the site makes it easier to demonstrate the value of my work.”
Schools say sale of naming rights helps save taxpayers money
Noted: “There has always been corporate sponsorship,” said Tom O’Guinn, a marketing professor at UW-Madison. “You see them on Little League uniforms and business names on the boards at hockey rinks. It’s only gotten people’s attention lately, but it is controversial. On the one hand, if you need the money, what’s wrong with a little advertising? But on the other hand, it begs the question, is nothing sacred? Do we have to sell everything?
What’s next after end of decades-long Keillor-MPR relationship?
“ ‘Prairie Home Companion’ became the basis for the catalog,” said Jack Mitchell, a journalism professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison who was a longtime executive director of Wisconsin Public Radio.The catalog — in part built on ads Keillor printed on the backs of thank-you posters he sent to listeners — “turned into a goldmine for MPR,” Mitchell added. “That’s where it cleaned up.”
Stressed Out, Anxious or Sad? Try Meditating
Psychologist and author Daniel Goleman—well-known for his 1995 book “Emotional Intelligence”—spent almost two years combing through more than 6,000 academic studies on meditation with a team of researchers to sort through the hype and discover the real benefits. He wrote about his findings in a new book, “Altered Traits: Science Reveals How Meditation Changes Your Mind, Brain and Body,” which he co-authored with Richard J. Davidson, a neuroscientist who directs a brain lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Pushing Out Of Migrant Laborers Sparks Controversy In China
It’s unclear how many migrants will be evicted. Beijing has about 8 million of them. Yi Fuxian is a population expert at University of Wisconsin-Madison. He argues that the mass evictions aren’t really necessary because the Beijing migrant population has already peaked.
Climate Change Causing Higher Temperatures, More Rain In Wisconsin
Some of the state’s top researchers say climate change isn’t just a possibility for Wisconsin. It’s a reality that’s already happening, in the form of higher temperatures and more rain.”Since 1939 for Madison we’ve been collecting weather observations,” said Michael Notaro. “If you look at the top 20 rainfall events, half of them have occurred since the turn of the (21st) century alone, so, in recent years we’ve had more frequent (precipitation) events of over 3 inches over the last decade than we had in the last six decades combined.”
‘There are people for sale here’: Madison authorities struggle to support victims of sex trafficking
Since passage of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act and the global Palermo Protocol defined trafficking and set protections for victims in 2000, identifying human trafficking has increased.But University of Wisconsin-Madison assistant professor Lara Gerassi said with the heightened awareness came an “everyone at risk” model, which does not recognize that certain communities are at increased risk and should be targeted for identification, prevention and intervention.
High-Stress Childhoods May Impair Weighing of Risk & Reward
Adults who experienced high-stress childhoods are less likely to notice when a potential loss or disaster is right around the corner, often getting themselves into health, legal or financial trouble that could have been avoided, according to a new study at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Video: UW professor explains high-profile Supreme Court case
Quoted: Associate Professor of Political Science and Legal Studies Howard Schweber explains a high-profile Supreme Court case.
Researchers find potential treatment for Friedrich’s ataxia
UW-Madison researchers have found a new way to potentially treat Friedreich’s ataxia, a rare, fatal and currently untreatable disorder.
Aseem Ansari, a professor of biochemistry and genomics at UW-Madison and leader of the research team that made this discovery, says this method represent a “new precision-tailored path to personalized medicine.”
‘Opiophobia’ Has Left Africa in Agony
Noted: “Each country has its own barriers,” said Dr. James F. Cleary, director of pain and policy studies at the University of Wisconsin’s medical school and a member of the commission that produced the Lancet study.
A Journalist’s Reflections On Covering War Crimes Trials
Thierry Cruvellier is the only journalist in the world who has attended and reported on all of the major post-Cold War International Criminal Court tribunals, including Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Bosnia and Cambodia, as well as national justice efforts in Colombia and the Balkans. He is a visiting professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison this year, teaching a course on international criminal justice.
Help For Holiday Stress
MADISON, Wis. – With family gatherings, shopping and holiday parties, this can be a very joyful season. But the holidays often include a lot of stress, which can put a damper on the joyful parts. Some of the stress is unnecessarily self-inflicted, says Christine Whelan, a clinical professor in the Department of Consumer Science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Human Ecology.
Change of heart: can we do better for heart patients than a transplant?
Noted: “The hope is that by providing a patch of tissue which already beats and contracts, instead of just individual cells, the body’s built-in programming will take over and assimilate it into the heart as if it was already there,” says Tim Kamp, professor of regenerative biology, who builds heart patches at the University of Wisconsin.
2017’s Supermoon and Other Moons That Are Super in Their Own Ways
Noted: “The supermoon is a made-up term,” said James Lattis, an astronomer at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. “It’s not an astronomical term, there’s no technical definition of it.”
Secret Link Uncovered Between Pure Math and Physics
Noted: “There are not many techniques, even though we’ve been working on this for 3,000 years. So whenever anyone comes up with an authentically new way to do things it’s a big deal, and Minhyong did that,” said Jordan Ellenberg, a mathematician at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Supermoon 2017: how to watch (and why)
A supermoon is when these two cycles match up, and we have a full moon that’s near its perigee. The result is that the full “super” moon appears slightly larger and slightly brighter to us in the sky. This occurs about one in every 14 full moons, Jim Lattis, an astronomer at the University of Wisconsin Madison, notes.
ABC Suspends Reporter Brian Ross Over Erroneous Report About Trump
Noted: Kathleen Culver, the director of the Center for Journalism Ethics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, said the mistake would give fresh ammunition to Mr. Trump and other conservatives who have attacked the credibility of news organizations, especially those that have reported negatively on the administration.
The Unspoken Health Effects of the Republican Tax Bill
Barbara Wolfe, a professor of population-health sciences at the University of Wisconsin, explained to me that this is what economists call an income-inequality hypothesis: Your health is influenced not only by your own level of income, but by the level of inequality where you live. Sociologists have described a similar socioeconomic-inequality hypothesis: As socioeconomic disparities grow, overall health metrics decline.
Wisconsin politicians grapple with questionable donations
Noted: It’s a stretch to compare donations directly from people facing accusations of wrongdoing and someone like Uihlein who is a contributor to them, said Barry Burden, a UW-Madison political science professor.
Hospitals are scrambling to solve their air pollution issue
Noted: The University of Wisconsin didn’t get rid of the drug entirely, says Karin Zuegge, an anesthesiologist and the University of Wisconsin Health medical director of sustainability, but like Kaiser Permanente, they saw a significant drop in desflurane use after starting an education campaign.
The Unspoken Health Effects of the Republican Tax Bill
Noted: Barbara Wolfe, a professor of population-health sciences at the University of Wisconsin, explained to me that this is what economists call an income-inequality hypothesis: Your health is influenced not only by your own level of income, but by the level of inequality where you live. Sociologists have described a similar socioeconomic-inequality hypothesis: As socioeconomic disparities grow, overall health metrics decline.